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    Venezuela Geography 1998
    https://greekorthodoxchurch.org/wfb1998/venezuela/venezuela_geography.html
    SOURCE: 1998 CIA WORLD FACTBOOK

      Location Northern South America, bordering the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, between Colombia and Guyana

      Geographic coordinates 8 00 N, 66 00 W

      Map references South America, Central America and the Caribbean

      Area
      total: 912,050 sq km
      land: 882,050 sq km
      water: 30,000 sq km

      Area - comparative slightly more than twice the size of California

      Land boundaries
      total: 4,993 km
      border countries: Brazil 2,200 km, Colombia 2,050 km, Guyana 743 km

      Coastline 2,800 km

      Maritime claims
      contiguous zone: 15 nm
      continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
      exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
      territorial sea: 12 nm

      Climate tropical; hot, humid; more moderate in highlands

      Terrain Andes Mountains and Maracaibo Lowlands in northwest; central plains (llanos); Guiana Highlands in southeast

      Elevation extremes
      lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m
      highest point: Pico Bolivar (La Columna) 5,007 m

      Natural resources petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, gold, bauxite, other minerals, hydropower, diamonds

      Land use
      arable land: 4%
      permanent crops: 1%
      permanent pastures: 20%
      forests and woodland: 34%
      other: 41% (1993 est.)

      Irrigated land 1,900 sq km (1993 est.)

      Natural hazards subject to floods, rockslides, mud slides; periodic droughts

      Environment - current issues sewage pollution of Lago de Valencia; oil and urban pollution of Lago de Maracaibo; deforestation; soil degradation; urban and industrial pollution, especially along the Caribbean coast

      Environment - international agreements
      party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands
      signed, but not ratified: Marine Dumping

      Geography - note on major sea and air routes linking North and South America

      NOTE: The information regarding Venezuela on this page is re-published from the 1998 World Fact Book of the United States Central Intelligence Agency. No claims are made regarding the accuracy of Venezuela Geography 1998 information contained here. All suggestions for corrections of any errors about Venezuela Geography 1998 should be addressed to the CIA.

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    https://greekorthodoxchurch.org/wfb1998/venezuela/venezuela_geography.html
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    Revised 21-Dec-01
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