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    Italy Geography - 2002
    https://greekorthodoxchurch.org/wfb2002/italy/italy_geography.html
    SOURCE: 2002 CIA WORLD FACTBOOK

      Location Southern Europe, a peninsula extending into the central Mediterranean Sea, northeast of Tunisia

      Geographic coordinates 42 50 N, 12 50 E

      Map references Europe

      Area
      total: 301,230 sq km
      note: includes Sardinia and Sicily
      water: 7,210 sq km
      land: 294,020 sq km

      Area - comparative slightly larger than Arizona

      Land boundaries
      total: 1,932.2 km
      border countries: Austria 430 km, France 488 km, Holy See (Vatican City) 3.2 km, San Marino 39 km, Slovenia 232 km, Switzerland 740 km

      Coastline 7,600 km

      Maritime claims
      continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
      territorial sea: 12 NM

      Climate predominantly Mediterranean; Alpine in far north; hot, dry in south

      Terrain mostly rugged and mountainous; some plains, coastal lowlands

      Elevation extremes
      lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m
      highest point: Mont Blanc (Monte Bianco) de Courmayeur 4,748 m (a secondary peak of Mont Blanc)

      Natural resources mercury, potash, marble, sulfur, natural gas and crude oil reserves, fish, coal, arable land

      Land use
      arable land: 28%
      permanent crops: 9%
      other: 63% (1998 est.)

      Irrigated land 26,980 sq km (1998 est.)

      Natural hazards regional risks include landslides, mudflows, avalanches, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, flooding; land subsidence in Venice

      Environment - current issues air pollution from industrial emissions such as sulfur dioxide; coastal and inland rivers polluted from industrial and agricultural effluents; acid rain damaging lakes; inadequate industrial waste treatment and disposal facilities

      Environment - international agreements
      party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
      signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol

      Geography - note strategic location dominating central Mediterranean as well as southern sea and air approaches to Western Europe

      NOTE: The information regarding Italy on this page is re-published from the 2002 World Fact Book of the United States Central Intelligence Agency. No claims are made regarding the accuracy of Italy Geography 2002 information contained here. All suggestions for corrections of any errors about Italy Geography 2002 should be addressed to the CIA.

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    Revised 30-Jan-03
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