Economy - overview Indonesia, a vast polyglot nation, faces severe economic development problems, stemming from secessionist movements and the low level of security in the regions, the lack of reliable legal recourse in contract disputes, corruption, weaknesses in the banking system, and strained relations with the IMF. Investor confidence will remain low and few new jobs will be created under these circumstances. In November 2001, Indonesia agreed with the IMF on a series of economic reforms in 2002, thus enabling further IMF disbursements. Keys to future growth remain internal reform, the build-up of the confidence of international donors and investors, and a strong comeback in the global economy.

GDP purchasing power parity - $687 billion (2001 est.)

GDP - real growth rate 3.3% (2001 est.)

GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $3,000 (2001 est.)

GDP - composition by sector
agriculture: 17%
industry: 41%
services: 42% (2001 est.)

Population below poverty line 27% (1999)

Household income or consumption by percentage share
lowest 10%: 4%
highest 10%: 26.7% (1999)

Distribution of family income - Gini index 31.7 (1999)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 11.5% (2001 est.)

Labor force 99 million (1999)

Labor force - by occupation agriculture 45%, industry 16%, services 39% (1999 est.)

Unemployment rate 8% (2001 est.)

Budget
revenues: $26 billion
expenditures: $30 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.)

Industries petroleum and natural gas; textiles, apparel, and footwear; mining, cement, chemical fertilizers, plywood; rubber; food; tourism

Industrial production growth rate 3.5% (2001 est.)

Electricity - production 92.575 billion kWh (2000)

Electricity - production by source
fossil fuel: 81.02%
hydro: 14.04%
other: 4.94% (2000)
nuclear: 0%

Electricity - consumption 86.095 billion kWh (2000)

Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2000)

Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2000)

Agriculture - products rice, cassava (tapioca), peanuts, rubber, cocoa, coffee, palm oil, copra; poultry, beef, pork, eggs

Exports $56.5 billion (f.o.b., 2001 est.)

Exports - commodities oil and gas, electrical appliances, plywood, textiles, rubber

Exports - partners Japan 23.4%, US 13.8%, Singapore 10.7%, South Korea 7%, China 4.5%, Malaysia 3.2% (2000 est.)

Imports $38.1 billion (f.o.b., 2001 est.)

Imports - commodities machinery and equipment; chemicals, fuels, foodstuffs

Imports - partners Japan 16.3%, Singapore 11.4%, US 10.2%, South Korea 6.3%, China 6.1%, Australia 5.1% (2000 est.)

Debt - external $135 billion (2001 est.)

Economic aid - recipient $43 billion from IMF program and other official external financing (1997-2000)

Currency Indonesian rupiah (IDR)

Currency code IDR

Exchange rates Indonesian rupiahs per US dollar - 10,377.3 (January 2002), 10,260.9 (2001), 8,421.8 (2000), 7,855.2 (1999), 10,013.6 (1998), 2,909.4 (1997)

Fiscal year calendar year; note - previously was 1 April - 31 March, but starting with 2001, has been changed to calendar year

NOTE: The information regarding Indonesia on this page is re-published from the 2002 World Fact Book of the United States Central Intelligence Agency. No claims are made regarding the accuracy of Indonesia Economy 2002 information contained here. All suggestions for corrections of any errors about Indonesia Economy 2002 should be addressed to the CIA.